✅GS-2: social issues- Health
🎖National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) is being implemented under the National Health Mission (NHM).
⚠️Cancer- CAR-T cell therapy
⚜️How does NexCAR19 work?- T-cells are taken from the patient, modified outside the body to target cancer cells, and then reintroduced. A safe shell of a virus is used for this genetic modification, ensuring precision targeting of cancer cells.
✅Also read :
🅾️Status of cancer incidence in India and the government Initiatives- click here
📍Some important news issues wrt cancer
🅾️Carboplatin- Click here
🅾️ Biotechnology- PACs for cancer treatment - Click here
⚜️In 2017- Yescarta therapy was in news- Understanding it can be helpful in solving Biotechnology questions in prelims- click here
🅾️Cancer Gene map- Click here
🔰Science and Tech news : https://www.tg-me.com/sciencehighlights
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🎖National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) is being implemented under the National Health Mission (NHM).
⚠️Cancer- CAR-T cell therapy
⚜️How does NexCAR19 work?- T-cells are taken from the patient, modified outside the body to target cancer cells, and then reintroduced. A safe shell of a virus is used for this genetic modification, ensuring precision targeting of cancer cells.
✅Also read :
🅾️Status of cancer incidence in India and the government Initiatives- click here
📍Some important news issues wrt cancer
🅾️Carboplatin- Click here
🅾️ Biotechnology- PACs for cancer treatment - Click here
⚜️In 2017- Yescarta therapy was in news- Understanding it can be helpful in solving Biotechnology questions in prelims- click here
🅾️Cancer Gene map- Click here
🔰Science and Tech news : https://www.tg-me.com/sciencehighlights
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅Gs-3 : Science and Technology/ IPR- patents and copyrights
🅾️Context : AI and the Issue of Human-Centricity in Copyright Law
🅾️What is the issue?- AI's potential to produce creative works autonomously prompts questions about copyright ownership and enforcement.a case in the U.S. (Stephen Thaler vs Dirc Perlmutter) showed resistance in acknowledging AI's ability to own copyrights. This sets a precedent that emphasizes human centrality in creative ownership.
⚠️Logic behind this argument- Copyright is traditionally human-centric. Its objective is to protect and incentivize human creativity.If AI-generated content is safeguarded under the same law, it may dilute the very essence of copyright, which focuses on human creativity and innovation.
🔰 Ethical Implications: Granting copyrights to AI might diminish the value of human effort and ingenuity.
➡️Other Ethical Issues with AI- Click here
🅾️Essay and Ethics channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
🅾️Context : AI and the Issue of Human-Centricity in Copyright Law
🅾️What is the issue?- AI's potential to produce creative works autonomously prompts questions about copyright ownership and enforcement.a case in the U.S. (Stephen Thaler vs Dirc Perlmutter) showed resistance in acknowledging AI's ability to own copyrights. This sets a precedent that emphasizes human centrality in creative ownership.
⚠️Logic behind this argument- Copyright is traditionally human-centric. Its objective is to protect and incentivize human creativity.If AI-generated content is safeguarded under the same law, it may dilute the very essence of copyright, which focuses on human creativity and innovation.
🔰 Ethical Implications: Granting copyrights to AI might diminish the value of human effort and ingenuity.
➡️Other Ethical Issues with AI- Click here
🅾️Essay and Ethics channel : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
image_2023-11-03_09-35-36.png
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✅GS-3: Internal Security - Terrorism
📍Challenges:
⚜️Internal Security Concerns: India's persistent internal security threats, notably terrorism.
⚜️Cross-border Terrorism: Increased costs and strains due to cross-border insurgencies.
⚜️Economic Impact: Terrorism's direct cost on the nation's treasury - ₹45,000 crore for counter-insurgency ⚜️setups.
⚜️Civilian Casualties: Terrorist activities causing serious harm to civilians; notable attacks like the Ayodhya 2006, Varanasi bombings, and the 2008 Mumbai attack.
⚜️Terrorism Index Rise: India's terrorism index saw an average rise from 2002 to 2021.
⚜️Global Standing: Terrorism affects India's position in global peace rankings.
⚠️Summary : Addressing terrorism requires a blend of robust internal mechanisms, international cooperation, and an understanding of the underlying causes.
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📍Challenges:
⚜️Internal Security Concerns: India's persistent internal security threats, notably terrorism.
⚜️Cross-border Terrorism: Increased costs and strains due to cross-border insurgencies.
⚜️Economic Impact: Terrorism's direct cost on the nation's treasury - ₹45,000 crore for counter-insurgency ⚜️setups.
⚜️Civilian Casualties: Terrorist activities causing serious harm to civilians; notable attacks like the Ayodhya 2006, Varanasi bombings, and the 2008 Mumbai attack.
⚜️Terrorism Index Rise: India's terrorism index saw an average rise from 2002 to 2021.
⚜️Global Standing: Terrorism affects India's position in global peace rankings.
⚠️Summary : Addressing terrorism requires a blend of robust internal mechanisms, international cooperation, and an understanding of the underlying causes.
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✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Banking and Finance
✅Gs-2 : Accountability
🅾️Credit information companies- Let us say, when your loan application was rejected due to a low credit score and you realise there was a credit card marked against your name which you had never applied for- info from Credit info companies and Direct interactions with CICs often resulted in opaque responses, leaving borrowers clueless and frustrated. The onus of proof was typically on the borrower, who had limited avenues for redressal.
➡️ key RBI interventions for Credit Information Companies (CICs) : read the article
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✅Gs-2 : Accountability
🅾️Credit information companies- Let us say, when your loan application was rejected due to a low credit score and you realise there was a credit card marked against your name which you had never applied for- info from Credit info companies and Direct interactions with CICs often resulted in opaque responses, leaving borrowers clueless and frustrated. The onus of proof was typically on the borrower, who had limited avenues for redressal.
➡️ key RBI interventions for Credit Information Companies (CICs) : read the article
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✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Change in labour force structure
📍Most imp changes :
⚜️1. Shift in Employment Structure: The share of self-employed persons in the non-agricultural sector has increased, suggesting a shift towards diversified income sources beyond traditional agriculture.
⚜️2. Female Labor Participation increased.
⚜️3. Large portion of Youth employment remaining in the informal sector, which has implications for skill development and education policies.
⚜️4. Technological Adoption: The push towards digital economy measures, like GST, e-way bills, e-Shram portal, or other related platforms, reflects an adaptation to new technologies for economic development.
⚜️5. Govt steps encouraging inclusive growth and social security (Ex: schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and Ayushman Bharat )
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📍Most imp changes :
⚜️1. Shift in Employment Structure: The share of self-employed persons in the non-agricultural sector has increased, suggesting a shift towards diversified income sources beyond traditional agriculture.
⚜️2. Female Labor Participation increased.
⚜️3. Large portion of Youth employment remaining in the informal sector, which has implications for skill development and education policies.
⚜️4. Technological Adoption: The push towards digital economy measures, like GST, e-way bills, e-Shram portal, or other related platforms, reflects an adaptation to new technologies for economic development.
⚜️5. Govt steps encouraging inclusive growth and social security (Ex: schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and Ayushman Bharat )
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✅Gs2- Fundamental rights-Affirmative action
🅾️In the Maratha quota case, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court had held by 3:2 majority that States lacked the power to identify and specify SEBC-- 105th CAA explained- Click here
⚠️Most important insight that you need to observe is the following : DONT MAKE NOTES from this news article- not useful - but the insights are VERY USEFUL
📍Political Dynamics: The involvement of various political parties and the mention of potential political instability and shifting loyalties, which might be particularly relevant for questions on regional politics and their impact on state and national dynamics.
📍Legal Aspects: SC judgements
📍Impact on OBC Politics: - Click here
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🅾️In the Maratha quota case, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court had held by 3:2 majority that States lacked the power to identify and specify SEBC-- 105th CAA explained- Click here
⚠️Most important insight that you need to observe is the following : DONT MAKE NOTES from this news article- not useful - but the insights are VERY USEFUL
📍Political Dynamics: The involvement of various political parties and the mention of potential political instability and shifting loyalties, which might be particularly relevant for questions on regional politics and their impact on state and national dynamics.
📍Legal Aspects: SC judgements
📍Impact on OBC Politics: - Click here
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✅Gs-2 : Representation of People's Act- Elections- New Zealand model
🅾️Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting system : Under MMP, voters have two votes: one for choosing a local representative and another for a party. This enables them to support a local candidate from one party while endorsing another party at the national level.
🅾️For India, the insight is that such a system could enable voters to support individual candidates based on their local performance and merit, while also voting for a different party at the national level based on broader policy preferences, without being confined to one party line.
🅾️This could lead to more accountability for local representatives and a Parliament that more accurately reflects the diverse political preferences of the electorate.
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🅾️Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting system : Under MMP, voters have two votes: one for choosing a local representative and another for a party. This enables them to support a local candidate from one party while endorsing another party at the national level.
🅾️For India, the insight is that such a system could enable voters to support individual candidates based on their local performance and merit, while also voting for a different party at the national level based on broader policy preferences, without being confined to one party line.
🅾️This could lead to more accountability for local representatives and a Parliament that more accurately reflects the diverse political preferences of the electorate.
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image_2023-11-06_10-42-41.png
2.2 MB
✅Gs-3 : Pollution
⚠️Divide the article into
⚜️1. Reasons for air quality issues in Mumbai- sea breeze stagnation due to wind flow patterns are causing the trapping of pollutants. Rapid urbanization and construction work have been identified as major factors leading to poor air quality,
⚜️2. Strategies for mitigation : Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (CAAQMS)=logical solution for data-driven policymaking.
⚜️3. The role of government and citizens in addressing pollution -established National Air Quality Index + but need an independent commission for air quality management in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, similar to Delhi-NCR
➡️Integration of technical infrastructure, health experts, urban planners, and policy-makers in air quality management, substantiating the need for an interdisciplinary approach to solve complex environmental challenges.
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⚠️Divide the article into
⚜️1. Reasons for air quality issues in Mumbai- sea breeze stagnation due to wind flow patterns are causing the trapping of pollutants. Rapid urbanization and construction work have been identified as major factors leading to poor air quality,
⚜️2. Strategies for mitigation : Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (CAAQMS)=logical solution for data-driven policymaking.
⚜️3. The role of government and citizens in addressing pollution -established National Air Quality Index + but need an independent commission for air quality management in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, similar to Delhi-NCR
➡️Integration of technical infrastructure, health experts, urban planners, and policy-makers in air quality management, substantiating the need for an interdisciplinary approach to solve complex environmental challenges.
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✅GS-3: Internal Security -National security strategy
➡️What is the need- for example - critical information infra- Kudankulam power plant attack
🅾️Therefore there is a need for a comprehensive National security strategy- It also includes ensuring that Indian companies are not subjected to manipulation yet maintaining a fine balance for needs of corporate governance
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➡️What is the need- for example - critical information infra- Kudankulam power plant attack
🅾️Therefore there is a need for a comprehensive National security strategy- It also includes ensuring that Indian companies are not subjected to manipulation yet maintaining a fine balance for needs of corporate governance
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
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image_2023-11-09_18-07-16.png
2.5 MB
✅Gs-3 : Mobilization of Resources- Green growth-> Climate financing- COP 27- Read this summary
⚠️Quick summary
📍Loss & Damage Fund: COP19, Warsaw Mechanism, climate impacts beyond adaptation.
📍Funding Challenges: Operationalize, developed vs developing nations’ responsibilities.
📍Security Implications: Climate-induced disasters, conflict potential, border spillovers.
📍Financial & Technical Aid: Support to vulnerable regions, disparity mitigation.
📍Transitional Committee Role: Fund management, effective implementation scrutiny.
📍Global Cooperation: Shared responsibility, international action for climate crisis.
📍Sustainability & Resilience: Future climate adaptation, sustainable development focus.
📍Case Studies & Examples: Hurricane Sandy (2012), Australian Bushfires (2019-2020), Indian monsoon variability.
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⚠️Quick summary
📍Loss & Damage Fund: COP19, Warsaw Mechanism, climate impacts beyond adaptation.
📍Funding Challenges: Operationalize, developed vs developing nations’ responsibilities.
📍Security Implications: Climate-induced disasters, conflict potential, border spillovers.
📍Financial & Technical Aid: Support to vulnerable regions, disparity mitigation.
📍Transitional Committee Role: Fund management, effective implementation scrutiny.
📍Global Cooperation: Shared responsibility, international action for climate crisis.
📍Sustainability & Resilience: Future climate adaptation, sustainable development focus.
📍Case Studies & Examples: Hurricane Sandy (2012), Australian Bushfires (2019-2020), Indian monsoon variability.
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✅GS2- Judiciary-Criminal Justice system- e-FIRs
🅾️Present case : Read about the procedural aspects of FIR- important trend for prelims- From this article
📍Law Commission's Report: The 282nd report of the Law Commission of India recommended allowing e-FIRs for cases where the accused is unknown and the offenses are cognizable with punishment under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for up to three years.
📍Challenges in e-FIR Process: Read the highlights
🎖Also read- Important from prelims point of view- Fir and ZERO FIR : Click here
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🅾️Present case : Read about the procedural aspects of FIR- important trend for prelims- From this article
📍Law Commission's Report: The 282nd report of the Law Commission of India recommended allowing e-FIRs for cases where the accused is unknown and the offenses are cognizable with punishment under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for up to three years.
📍Challenges in e-FIR Process: Read the highlights
🎖Also read- Important from prelims point of view- Fir and ZERO FIR : Click here
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✅Gs-2 : IR
🅾️Context : potential Malacca Strait blockade amid tensions between China and Taiwan
🅾️India's Stance: India faces constraints in responding to a conflict involving China and Taiwan. A blockade or military action against Chinese vessels is not considered feasible due to various factors, such as international law, the interests of regional countries, and the multinational nature of commercial shipping.
🅾️Regional Impact: The article suggests that a blockade would not only affect China but also other countries in the region, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, which would likely oppose such an action due to the potential disruption of their own trade.
➡️India should seek to maintain a multipolar balance in the region
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🅾️Context : potential Malacca Strait blockade amid tensions between China and Taiwan
🅾️India's Stance: India faces constraints in responding to a conflict involving China and Taiwan. A blockade or military action against Chinese vessels is not considered feasible due to various factors, such as international law, the interests of regional countries, and the multinational nature of commercial shipping.
🅾️Regional Impact: The article suggests that a blockade would not only affect China but also other countries in the region, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, which would likely oppose such an action due to the potential disruption of their own trade.
➡️India should seek to maintain a multipolar balance in the region
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image_2023-11-09_18-15-28.png
2.4 MB
✅Gs-2 : Governance- Accountability and Transparency-
📍Accountability-means govt- explain one's actions or judgment-Being responsible
➡️Initiatives To Enhance A/C : Click here
⚠️Quick summary : Imp points
🅾️Democratic Values: Upholding constitutional mandates, public participation.
🅾️Technological Integration: Use of digital tools for audit processes, 5G connectivity benefits.
🅾️Social Audits: Emphasizing the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) compliance, social audit significance.
🅾️Capacity Building: Technical Guidance and Support (TGS), training for local government audits.
🅾️International Standards: Alignment with United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI).
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📍Accountability-means govt- explain one's actions or judgment-Being responsible
➡️Initiatives To Enhance A/C : Click here
⚠️Quick summary : Imp points
🅾️Democratic Values: Upholding constitutional mandates, public participation.
🅾️Technological Integration: Use of digital tools for audit processes, 5G connectivity benefits.
🅾️Social Audits: Emphasizing the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) compliance, social audit significance.
🅾️Capacity Building: Technical Guidance and Support (TGS), training for local government audits.
🅾️International Standards: Alignment with United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI).
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✅Gs-1 : Indian society- Salient features of Indian society- > Family
🅾️Q) what are the factors for increasing divorce rates and how does it impact the family values in traditional Indian society? Examine.
➡️India has the lowest divorce rate compared to countries like Vietnam and Mauritania, where civil societies are advocating for strong families. Recent statistics from India show a significant increase in divorce rates, particularly in urban areas and among younger populations.
⚠️Note : The article highlights that from 2007 to 2016, a large % of divorced women were educated and employed, suggesting a shift in societal attitudes toward divorce.
📍Look at the central idea : Despite technological advancement and financial independence, family roles remain largely unchanged.
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🅾️Q) what are the factors for increasing divorce rates and how does it impact the family values in traditional Indian society? Examine.
➡️India has the lowest divorce rate compared to countries like Vietnam and Mauritania, where civil societies are advocating for strong families. Recent statistics from India show a significant increase in divorce rates, particularly in urban areas and among younger populations.
⚠️Note : The article highlights that from 2007 to 2016, a large % of divorced women were educated and employed, suggesting a shift in societal attitudes toward divorce.
📍Look at the central idea : Despite technological advancement and financial independence, family roles remain largely unchanged.
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✅Gs-2 : IR
🅾️Problems with India- Israel- Dehyphenation policy
📍Observe the following trends from the article:
⚜️Understand India's historical non-aligned policy and gradual shift towards Israel
⚜️Recognize key dates: India's initial support for Palestinian Arabs, reflecting PM Nehru's anti-colonial stance- India's acknowledgment of Israel (1950), full relations (1992), policy shift (2014)
⚜️Note India's stance in UN votes and General Assembly speeches
⚜️Consider domestic political ideology's impact on foreign policy decisions- Ideological mobilization-departure from its non-alignment legacy.
📍Possible solutions
➡️Revive the principle of strategic non-alignment
➡️Two-state solution-> policy push ( Because thats the only peaceful alternative as of now)
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🅾️Problems with India- Israel- Dehyphenation policy
📍Observe the following trends from the article:
⚜️Understand India's historical non-aligned policy and gradual shift towards Israel
⚜️Recognize key dates: India's initial support for Palestinian Arabs, reflecting PM Nehru's anti-colonial stance- India's acknowledgment of Israel (1950), full relations (1992), policy shift (2014)
⚜️Note India's stance in UN votes and General Assembly speeches
⚜️Consider domestic political ideology's impact on foreign policy decisions- Ideological mobilization-departure from its non-alignment legacy.
📍Possible solutions
➡️Revive the principle of strategic non-alignment
➡️Two-state solution-> policy push ( Because thats the only peaceful alternative as of now)
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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⚠️Announcement :
🔰Prelims mentorship program( With thematic Current affairs and specially curated test series to practice)- Coming soon :) Stay tuned for the details .
➡️What do we mean by Thematic Current Affairs for prelims?- Click here to understand - The program will be helping you reduce the time spent on curating Multiple sources that are given here on this channel+ Extra sources beyond Newspapers to help you clear the exam.
➡️Other deliverables in the program?- Test series with dedicated resource list and how to approach the exam to clear the cutoff! ( Particularly useful for those who struggled to clear prelims with comfortable margin)
📍Stay tuned for more details post Diwali!
If you are not looking for a program- feel free to use the content posted on
🔰VK IAS's channels here - Click here
🔰Prelims mentorship program( With thematic Current affairs and specially curated test series to practice)- Coming soon :) Stay tuned for the details .
➡️What do we mean by Thematic Current Affairs for prelims?- Click here to understand - The program will be helping you reduce the time spent on curating Multiple sources that are given here on this channel+ Extra sources beyond Newspapers to help you clear the exam.
➡️Other deliverables in the program?- Test series with dedicated resource list and how to approach the exam to clear the cutoff! ( Particularly useful for those who struggled to clear prelims with comfortable margin)
📍Stay tuned for more details post Diwali!
If you are not looking for a program- feel free to use the content posted on
🔰VK IAS's channels here - Click here